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Interior and exterior walls
Insulating the walls using ready-made insulation boards that can be fixed on the walls from the inside, while painting them in light and reflective colors.
Ceilings
Insulating ceilings from the outside by using appropriate insulation materials, with the possibility of insulating from the inside using borrowed ceilings.
Glass windows
Uninsulated glass windows are one of the weak points in buildings, as hot air seeps into the interior of the buildings, it is recommended to install double glazing, which has the property of reducing heat transfer rates through it. The insulation of the glass windows is considered a complement to the building insulation in order to obtain a good and appropriate insulation.
Insulate surfaces
It is possible to add panels of polystyrene or polyurethane on the roofs, and then put pebbles or tiles on top of it. It is also possible to use insulating tiles (tiles + polystyrene insulation) by placing them directly on the surfaces.
External walls are insulated using:
First System
It is a single wall system built of cement bricks insulated with a single slice of extruded or expanded polystyrene, In this system, there are thermal bridges resulting from the use of cement mortar between the blocks during installation, and accordingly, insulating plaster should be used to reduce the rate of thermal leakage.
Second system
It is the traditional system and is considered the most widespread solution. In this system, two parallel walls are built so that the types of thermal insulation are installed between the space of the two walls, as these panels separate the outer wall and the inner wall of the building in a completely empty space. The cost and maintenance factor is taken into consideration, as well as the thermal bridges in the beams, columns and ground mounds that are not covered by a heat-insulating material in the external walls.
Third system
It is the insulation system from the outside, where the thermal insulators are installed on the external walls of the building so that it is completely encapsulated, then the external finishes are installed from the outside, and in this type of insulation, (ST) is installed on the outside. It is the only system that insulates poles, bridges and pedestals and eliminates their function as thermal bridges. However, consideration should be given to reviewing the method of installing external ventilation materials for the building and the total cost of this system.
Surface insulation shall be done using one of the two systems:
Conventional ceiling system
The waterproofing layer should be above the thermal insulation layer to protect the thermal insulation from water, especially thermal insulation materials in which the water absorption rate is relatively high. In this system, the waterproofing membrane is subjected to continuous thermal stresses resulting from the large difference in temperature between night and day and between the different seasons of the year. Which cause it to lose its flexibility and thus its ability to insulate as a result of the drying and cracking that it sustains. In this system, the waterproofing membrane is subjected to mechanical stresses during or after installation, as a result of the presence of some air-conditioning devices and others and maintenance work on the roof of the building. Consequently, the life span of the waterproofing will decrease and the maintenance costs will increase. In the event of a system failure as a water insulator, it may lead to severe damages inside the building that are difficult to control because of the damage caused.
Inverted ceiling system
In which the thermal insulation is above the waterproofing layer, the heat insulator protects the water insulator from heat stress, exposure to ultraviolet rays, as well as mechanical stress during and after installation, and accordingly, the life span of the waterproofing membrane is increased as the wear and tear decreases. In order to allow the use of the inverted roof system, the resistance of the thermal insulation material to absorb water and moisture must be highly resistant. The percentage of thermal insulation absorption for water must not exceed 0.2% of the volume.
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